A section of skin with various accessory organs is shown in figure 1. How skin is nourished the blood supplies nutrients, molecules from food such as protein, carbohydrates, and fats, to the skin. Understanding the physiology and function of skin will give useful insights into a patients state of health. Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare, severe autoimmune disorder in which blisters of varying sizes break out on the skin and mucous membranes. This tough layer of cells is the outermost layer of skin. The epidermis is the relatively thin, tough, outer layer of the skin. It performs many vital functions, including protection against external physical, chemical, and biologic assailants, as well as prevention of excess water loss from the body and a role in thermoregulation. The epidermis, outer layer of the skin, consists of many layers of closely packed. The structure and function of skin, third edition is devoted to all matters pertaining to the structure and function of the skin.
This article comes with a selfassessment enabling you to test your knowledge after reading it. In terms of chemical composition the skin is about 70% water, 25% protein and 2% lipids. The epidermis is an elastic layer on the outside that is continually being regenerated. This is important for the growth and strengthening of bone curran 2016. Structure of the skin what is the function of the skin. Skin structure, function, and permeation topical and. A tissue is a group of similar cells working together.
Structure and function of the human skin microbiome. Dermal absorption models in toxicology and pharmacology, chapter. In addition, skin color, texture, and folds see descriptions of skin marks, growths, and color changes help mark people as individuals. Supra basal spinous cells, for example, are polyhedral in shape and have a rounded nucleus, whereas cells of the upper. This book is the first to concentrate on the structure and function of black skin. It loses moisture and elasticity and can look and feel dry, rough, cracked andor saggy. Skin performs many beneficial functions but it does undergo changes and damage. Theoretical principles and applications covers the fundamental aspects of cosmetic science that are necessary to understand material development, formulation, and the dermatological effects that result from the use of these products. It gets its toughness from a protein called keratin. See how the skin is involved in the regulation of body temperature. The skins structure is made up of an intricate network which serves as the. Nurses need to understand the skin and its functions to identify and manage skin problems. The structure and function of skin kindle edition by montagna, william. Skin is the largest organ of the body, covering an area of 1.
Descriptions of skin marks, growths, and color changes. Structure and functions of the skin skin structure. The major theme is the interaction between and dependence of the integrity of skin on, cell turnover, nutrition, control mechanisms and disease. Nov 25, 2019 nurses observe the skin of their patients daily and it is important they understand the skin so they can recognise problems when they arise. It consists of all amniotes except birds and mammals. If that seems like a lot, remember that skin is your largest organ. The structure and function of skin 3rd edition by william montagna author visit amazons william montagna page. The book fulfills this role by offering a comprehensive view of cosmetic. Drawing upon the accumulated data derived from embryology, histology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, this book presents an overview of skin, with emphasis on human skin. The skin consists of three main layers epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous tissue.
Beneath the surface of the skin are nerves, nerve endings, glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels. Skin permeation and the influence of permeant physicochemical characteristics. The cells on the very outer layer of the epidermis are constantly dying and getting replaced by new cells. It keeps the internal environment of our body stable. There are some physiological and structural differences between black and white skin. Heres a look at skin structure, the layers of the skin, functions and a bit about pigmentation. As its name implies this is a book on normalbone, its development, function and metabolic. Jun 12, 2012 it also connects us to the world around us. Anatomy, skin integument, epidermis statpearls ncbi bookshelf. The reptile class is one of the largest classes of vertebrates.
Ageing and illness take their toll, while wounds, burns and skin diseases, including cancer, can damage this organ. The skin is the largest organ in the body, comprising about 15% of body weight. Nurses observe the skin of their patients daily and it is important they understand the skin so they can recognise problems when they arise. Learn about the skins function and conditions that may affect the skin. Epidermis the epidermis is the outer layer of skin. The skin has two layers, called the epidermis and the dermis.
It is a waterproof, airtight and flexible barrier between the environment and internal organs. This article, the first in a twopart series on the skin, looks at its structure and function. Skin can tell us a lot about someone and its condition can be a daily obsession or problem for many skincare is big, big business. Webmd s skin anatomy page provides a detailed image of the skin and its parts as well as a medical definition. The structure and function of skin 3rd edition elsevier. Anatomy and physiology of the skin 3 or stratum spinosum murphy, 1997.
Skin diseases affect 2033% of the population at any one time. Upon exposure to ultraviolet light the sun, the skin produces vitamin d. An understanding of response to damaging agents is central to the problems of preventing or forestalling the early effects of. Skin functions, structure and relationship with the body. The skin is an organ that provides the outer protective wrapping for all the body parts. They originate from cells in the deepest layer of the epidermis called the basal layer. A person who is in shock may have pale skin and goose bumps, and someone with a fever may feel warm to the touch. Skin care questions common skin complaints, treatments, hair removal techniques and more. The skin is the largest organ of the body when we consider both the interior and the surface of the body. Healthy, problemfree skin is even in colour, smooth in texture, well hydrated and appropriately sensitive to touch, pressure and temperature.
Authoritative facts about the skin from dermnet new zealand. View skin problems such as sun burn, skin cancer and acne. Structure and function of the skin msd manual consumer version. Reptiles are a class of tetrapod vertebrates that produce amniotic eggs. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets.
Skin is the layer of usually soft, flexible outer tissue covering the body of a vertebrate animal, with three main functions. The skin also consists of accessory organs, such as glands, hair, and nails, thus making up the integumentary system. Drawing upon the accumulated data derived from embryology, histology, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, this book presents an. Structure and function of the skin skin disorders msd. The total skin surface of an adult ranges from 1220 square feet. The skin provides many niches in which large populations of microbes are subjected to variable ecological pressures including humidity, temperature, ph and the composition of antimicrobial peptides and lipids. Excretion is an important function to note about the skin new health advisor 2014. This book is distributed under the terms of the creative commons. Skin, hair, and nails structure and function taylor. Nutrients are required for cell life, repair, and growth. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Lymph bathes skin cells, removes toxins and cellular waste, and has immune functions.
The editors overall aim is to teach skin biology in the context. When skins structure is disturbed, its protective function and healthy appearance are compromised. Most of the cells in the epidermis are keratinocytes. This article, the first in a twopart series, looks at the skin s structure and key functions. Anything that interferes with skin function or causes changes in appearance see effects of aging on the skin can have major consequences for physical and mental health. The skin and its accessory structures make up the integumentary system, which. An organ is a structure containing multiple tissues and performing a specific function or sometimes several functions. The primarily american authorship covers the structure and function of the skin in a systematic way, from gross anatomy down to molecular biology and genetics. Sep 03, 2003 stressing a structure function approach, this multidisciplinary reference presents a detailed overview of the biological, chemical, physical, molecular and genetic tools and techniques utilized in the study of the skin barrier. The function and structure of the skin clinical dermatology wiley. Structure and function montagna, william, prota, giuseppe, kenney jr.
The skin is the largest organ of the body, accounting for about 15% of the total adult body weight. Structure and function of the skin quiz dermnet nz. It has three main layers, the epidermis, the dermis and the subcutaneous layer. In direct contact with the outside environment, the skin helps to maintain four. The structure and function of skin 3, montagna, william amazon. Apr 18, 2003 presenting the most appropriate cleansing techniques and astringent selection for proper neonatal care, the second edition of this text should help practitioners and researchers understand the effects of accidental percutaneous absorption in the newborn and therapeutic strategies for facilitating epidermal barrier development in the extremely low b. They include crocodiles, alligators, lizards, snakes, and turtles. The skin, or integument, is considered an organ because it consists of all four tissue types. Freinkel and woodleys book, with a similar emphasis on core knowledge, would be an excellent companion to the course.
Understanding your skins structure is the first step to maintaining the health of your armor against the outside world. Layers of the skin the skin has three primary layers. The skin and its functions cliffsnotes study guides book. Understanding the structure and function of the skin. Skin structure and functions test 1 21 questions by n2beauty last updated. Purchase the structure and function of skin 3rd edition. The squamous layer is composed of a variety of cells that differ in shape, structure, and subcellular properties depending on their location. It illustrates the impact of irritative skin reactions, as well as genetic and immunemediated disease on hair and nail co.
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